MIS - Chapter 1. 4 - Building Information Systems. CHAPTER 1. 4BUILDING INFORMATION SYSTEMSIn this chapter we will look at the topic of building information systems. Since organizational environments and general technologies change over time,organizations need new systems, or major revisions to existing systems, to con- tinue to meet their objectives. Therefore, systems development is an ongoingprocess in all organizations that use IT.
In this chapter we discuss various approaches to development that can in- crease the probability of favorable outcomes. We initially present the concept ofa systems development life cycle. We then discuss various system developmentalternatives (prototyping, rapid application development, joint application de- sign, object- oriented development and extreme programming).
Then we providea comprehensive discussion of the contributions of component- based develop- ment and Web services to building information system. The subsequent sectioncovers end- user development, acquiring systems from outside sources, utilitycomputing and deciding between development approaches. Next is a sectionon the approaches, methods, and techniques used in developing Web- based in- formation systems. The \ufb. 01nal section looks at the use of CASE tools, discussesquality improvement, and presents project- planning techniques used to improveoutcomes of the development process. They would simply ask users a few questions aboutwhat the system was supposed to do and then start programming. Sometimesthis approach resulted in desirable outcomes, but often it failed. The failureswere frequent enough to indicate that a more formal approach was necessary.
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One approach to systemsdevelopment is the systems development life cycle (SDLC). It provides acomprehensive framework for formal design and development activities. To understand the idea of a systems development life cycle, consider thisanalogy. A business \ufb. 01rm moves from one city to another. The moving projectrequires a very detailed plan. Someone has to acquire property in the new city. Someone has to arrange for telephone and utility services at the new location.
People need to pack, ship, unpack, and install furniture and equipment at thenew location. The list goes on and on. The plan should identify every signi\ufb. Every task needs a start date and a completion date, and some tasks can- not start until after the completion of others.
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Management Information Systems.
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Also, the plan needs to coordinatethe start and completion dates of the individual tasks within the limitation ofthe target completion date for the whole project. Looking at the plans for several such moving projects, we could \ufb. With a little more effort, we could group the tasks into logicallyrelated categories and then arrange the categories in a sequence correspondingto the different phases of a moving project over time. These general categorieswould apply to most moving projects, even though the individual tasks couldvary from project to project. Substitute the words \u. An SDLC shows the major steps, over time, of an.